EC6703 ERTS Notes
Anna University Regulation 2013 ECE EC6703 ERTS Notes, Embedded Real Time Systems Engineering Lecture Handwritten Notes for all 5 units are provided below. Download link for ECE 7th SEM EC6703 Embedded Real Time Systems Engineering Lecture Handwritten Notes are listed down for students to make perfect utilization and score maximum marks with our study materials.
1.1 Embedding Computers
• Computers have been embedded into applications since the earliest days of computing. One example is the Whirlwind, a computer designed at MIT in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Whirlwind was also the first computer designed to support real-time operation and was originally conceived as a mechanism for controlling an aircraft simulator.
Even though it was extremely large physically compared to today’s computers (e.g., it contained over 4,000 vacuum tubes),its complete design from components to system was at tuned to the needs of real-time embedded computing.
The utility of computers in replacing mechanical or human controllers was evident from the very beginning of the computer era—for example,computers were proposed to control chemical processes in the late 1940s.
A micro processor is a single-chip CPU. Very large scale integration(VLSI) stet the acronym is the name technology has allowed us to put a complete CPU on a single chip since 1970s, but those CPUs were very simple.
The first microprocessor, the Intel 4004,was designed for an embedded application, namely, a calculator. The calculator was not a general-purpose computer—it merely provided basic arithmetic functions. However, Ted Hoff of Intel realized that a general-purpose computer programmed properly could implement the required function, and that the computer-on-a-chip could then be reprogrammed for use in other products as well.
Since integrated circuit design was (and still is)an expensive and time consuming process, the ability to reuse the hardware design by changing the software was a key breakthrough.
The HP-35 was the first handheld calculator to perform transcendental functions [Whi72]. It was introduced in 1972, so it used several chips to implement the CPU, rather than a single-chip microprocessor.
• However, the ability to write programs to perform math rather than having to design digital circuits to perform operations like trigonometric functions was critical to the successful design of the calculator.
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