Anna University Regulation 2013 Information Technology (IT) IT6601 MC Notes for all 5 units are provided below. Download link for IT 6th SEM IT6601 Mobile Computing Lecture Notes are listed down for students to make perfect utilization and score maximum marks with our study materials.
TDMA
A more flexible multiplexing scheme for typical mobile communications is time division multiplexing (TDM). Compared to FDMA, time division multiple access (TDMA) offers a much more flexible scheme, which comprises all technologies that allocate certain time slots for communication. Now synchronization between sender and receiver has to be achieved in the time domain. Again this can be done by using a fixed pattern similar to FDMA techniques, i.e., allocating a certain time slot for a channel, or by using a dynamic allocation scheme.
Listening to different frequencies at the same time is quite difficult, but listening to many channels separated in time at the same frequency is simple. Fixed schemes do not need identification, but are not as flexible considering varying bandwidth requirements.
Fixed TDM
The simplest algorithm for using TDM is allocating time slots for channels in a fixed pattern. This results in a fixed bandwidth and is the typical solution for wireless phone systems. MAC is quite simple, as the only crucial factor is accessing the reserved time slot at the right moment. If this synchronization is assured, each mobile station knows its turn and no interference will happen. The fixed pattern can be assigned by the base station, where competition between different mobile stations that want to access the medium is solved.
The above figure shows how these fixed TDM patterns are used to implement multiple access and a duplex channel between a base station and mobile station. Assigning different slots for uplink and downlink using the same frequency is called time division duplex (TDD). As shown in the figure, the base station uses one out of 12 slots for the downlink, whereas the mobile station uses one out of 12 different slots for the uplink. Uplink and downlink are separated in time. Up to 12 different mobile stations can use the same frequency without interference using this scheme. Each connection is allotted its own up- and downlink pair. This general scheme still wastes a lot of bandwidth. It is too static, too inflexible for data communication. In this case, connectionless, demand-oriented TDMA schemes can be used.
Classical Aloha
In this scheme, TDM is applied without controlling medium access. Here each station can access the medium at any time as shown below:
This is a random access scheme, without a central arbiter controlling access and without coordination among the stations. If two or more stations access the medium at the same time, a collision occurs and the transmitted data is destroyed. Resolving this problem is left to higher layers (e.g., retransmission of data). The simple Aloha works fine for a light load and does not require any complicated access mechanisms.
Slotted Aloha
The first refinement of the classical Aloha scheme is provided by the introduction of time slots (slotted Aloha). In this case, all senders have to be synchronized, transmission can only start at the beginning of a time slot as shown below. The introduction of slots raises the throughput from 18 per cent to 36 per cent, i.e., slotting doubles the throughput. Both basic Aloha principles occur in many systems that implement distributed access to a medium. Aloha systems work perfectly well under a light load.
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